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The Chmelnitsky Uprising and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
In early 1648, a Cossack uprising led by Bogdan Chmelnitsky broke out in Polish-ruled Ukraine, which the country’s leaders did little to suppress. As was usual in the first half of the 17th century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania did not keep a standing army, only garrison units in Smolensk and Daugpilis. Whenever the threat of war loomed, it had to form a new army from scratch each time, so the private armies of the nobles were always the first to go into war, and were only later joined by conscripts.